The practice is commonly known as " typosquatting". Ī well-known Internet scam involves the registration of domain names that are deliberate misspellings of well-known corporate names to mislead or defraud. For example, "miniscule" (for "minuscule") is a misspelling to many, and yet it is listed as an acceptable variant in some dictionaries. Misspelling can also be a matter of opinion when variant spellings are accepted by some and not by others. Whether or not a word is misspelled may depend on context and the orthographic conventions adopted, as is the case with American / British English distinctions. the transposition error teh for the), lack of knowledge of the normative spelling, or lack of concern over spelling rules at all. Misspellings may be due to typing errors (e.g. Deliberate misspellings that emphasize the pronunciation of a regional dialect are part of eye dialect (such as writing "'Murica'" instead of "America", or "helluva" instead of "hell of a"). Misspellings of the latter type are called " atomic typos" and it can easily make their way into printed material because they are not caught by simple computerized spell checkers. A misspelled word can be a series of letters that represents no correctly spelled word of the same language at all (such as "leik" for "like") or a correct spelling of another word (such as writing "here" when one means "hear", or "no" when one means "know"). These are commonly called "misspellings". While some words admit multiple spellings, some spellings are not considered standard. Main article: Commonly misspelled words A misspelling of purchased on a service station sign. Prominent spelling bees are even televised, such as the National Spelling Bee in the United States. Spelling bees are competitions to determine the best speller of a group. They can also be an effective practice method. Spelling tests are commonly used to assess a student's mastery over the words in the spelling lessons the student has received so far. Learning proper spelling by rote is a traditional element of elementary education and divergence from standard spelling is often perceived as an indicator of low intelligence, illiteracy, or lower class standing. French rectifications orthographiques of 1990.Įnglish-language spelling reform proposals have been regularly made since the 16th century, but have made little impact apart from a few spellings preferred by Noah Webster having contributed to American and British English spelling differences.In countries or regions where there is an authoritative language academy, such as France, the Netherlands, and the German-speaking areas, reforms are regularly made so that spelling better matches the changing pronunciation. Therefore, normative spelling is a relatively recent development linked to the compiling of dictionaries (in many languages, special spelling dictionaries, also called orthographic dictionaries, are compiled, showing prescribed spelling of words but not their meanings), the founding of national academies and other institutions of language maintenance, including widespread education and literacy, and often does not apply to minority and regional languages. Languages with established orthography are those languages that enjoy an official status and a degree of institutional support in a country. Standardization of spelling is connected with the development of writing and the establishment of modern standard dialects. In addition, words from other languages may be adopted without being adapted to the spelling system, and different meanings of a word or homophones may be deliberately spelled in different ways to differentiate them visually. This is true for various reasons, including that pronunciation changes over time in all languages, yet spellings as visual norms may resist change. They remain largely reflective of the sounds, although fully phonemic spelling is an ideal that most languages' orthographies only approximate, some more closely than others. Spellings originated as transcriptions of the sounds of spoken language according to the alphabetic principle. Spelling is one of the elements of orthography, and highly standardized spelling is a prescriptive element. In other words, spelling is the rendering of speech sound (phoneme) into writing (grapheme). Spelling is a set of conventions that regulate the way of using graphemes (writing system) to represent a language in its written form. For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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